Through the intricate study of lava tubes, which are caves formed following volcanic eruptions when lava cools down, an international team of researchers has uncovered clues about Earth’s ancient environments that could be significant in the search for life on Mars. Bogdan P. Onac, professor in the USF School of Geosciences, collaborated with researchers from Portugal, Spain, and Italy to shed light on how lava tubes may serve as valuable analogs for Martian caves and the search for extraterrestrial life.
Exploring Lanzarote’s unique lava tube network
On the Spanish island of Lanzarote, just west of North Africa, the team explored six lava tubes to gather mineral deposits. Some of the tubes are so large, they are used to host underground concerts. “While the lava tubes on Lanzarote were discovered several years ago, we are the first to complete such a detailed study of minerals and microorganisms,” Onac said.
Cutting-edge techniques reveal hidden mineral treasures
In the study, published in Communication Earth & Environment, Onac and the team used a range of advanced molecular, isotopic, and mineralogical techniques to examine the deposits and create a comprehensive understanding of the minerals they held. They learned the volcanic rock in the lava tubes created a protective environment that helped shield the minerals and organic compounds from weathering, ultimately preserving the minerals as records of past ecosystems.
Preserved biosignatures hint at ancient microbial life
The team found preserved biosignatures, including calcium and sodium sulfates. This discovery indicates microbial activity and microorganisms, such as bacteria, were once active in the caves.
“This study adds to our understanding of geological and environmental changes on Earth and highlights lava tubes as potential refuges for microbial life, holding significant implications for astrobiology, particularly in identifying biosignatures on Mars and other celestial bodies,” Onac said.
Could Martian lava tubes hold signs of extraterrestrial life?
Given that Martian lava tubes are similarly shielded and likely contain sulfate-rich minerals, they may also hold signs of past microbial life, giving us clues about potential life beyond Earth. The findings may significantly impact the way scientists approach planetary exploration, particularly for upcoming missions aimed at studying the habitability of Mars.
Source: University of South Florida.
